Vaccines And Immunizations On The Health Of Citizens Of...

There are two measures in public health who have had an extraordinary impact on the health of citizens of the world over the years: water purification and vaccinations. Vaccinations are important and vital to maintaining a long and healthy life, in conjunction to immunizations. There is indeed a difference between a vaccination and an immunization. A vaccine contains a live, but weakened, or dead germ that is able to cause a particular disease such as tetanus or the flu. A vaccine is the action of being injected with a germ and immunization is the action of the body developing antibodies against the germ that was presented via injection. In this paper, I will discuss the history, the pros and cons and my viewpoint with supporting information about vaccines and immunizations. The history of vaccines dates back to ancient China, where there are writings from the eleventh century that make reference to a primitive form of vaccination, which they called â€Å"variolization.† Variolization, or engrafting, is the inoculation of smallpox pus in order to cause smallpox in an attenuated form and thus immunize the patient. This practice was not without risks as a number of people vaccinated in this form contracted a severe form of smallpox and unfortunately passed away. Variolization was introduced in Europe, specifically in Great Britain, in 1721 by Lady Mary Wortley Montagu. â€Å"During a smallpox epidemic in April 1721, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu asked Dr. Charles Maitland to ‘engraft’ her

stand your ground law Essay - 1612 Words

The Stand Your Ground statute states that â€Å"a person who is not engaged in an unlawful activity and who is attacked in any other place where he or she has a right to be has no duty to retreat and has the right to stand his or her ground and meet force with force, including deadly force if he or she reasonably believes it is necessary to do so to prevent death or great bodily harm to himself or herself or another or to prevent the commission of a forcible felony† (Sherman). Many people will say that the â€Å"Stand your Ground† law is a great law that has diminished the crime rate, made people feel safer in their neighborhood and has given the people back the power to protect themselves and their loved ones from fatal danger. I would have to†¦show more content†¦For instance the significant rise in concealed Carry permits in the state in the last few years. More Floridians have been walking around armed so it would only make sense that â€Å"From 2005 unti l 2012, the number of concealed weapons permits in Florida skyrocketed, from 347,350 to 979,000† (Lantigua). Georgia State researchers Chandler McClellan and Erdal Tekin suggest that â€Å"One potential explanation offered for a relationship between Stand Your Ground laws and homicides is that an increased number of individuals may carry guns in public and be willing to use them as a result of these laws (Lantigua). Most of the increase in justifiable homicides was due to police shootings which rose from 22 in 2004 to 65 in 2011, â€Å"Stand Your Ground† situations where civilians shot civilians, went from â€Å"eight in 2004 to 47 in 2011† (Lantigua). One would expect for the police shootings to rise because of the fact more citizens are carrying weapons. Police officers are going to be a lot more cautious on every traffic stop and on every call because there is more risk of being shot or injured in some way. The rise in civilian shootings from 2004 to 2011 is the statistic that has everyone on edge. Since the law was introduced there have been many controversial cases that were classified justifiable homicides where the shooter was cleared of all charges. In September 2010 Patrick Lavoie was killed byShow MoreRelatedStand Your Ground Law1224 Words   |  5 PagesStand Your Ground Law In recent years, the self-defense doctrine in several jurisdictions has been changing. Some jurisdictions have started using â€Å"stand your ground† laws, which change the traditional requirement that the person being attacked must â€Å"retreat to the wall† before using any kind of force. Proponents’ arguments include that the law merely codifies an individual’s deep-rooted right to defend oneself. Opponents’ arguments include that the law creates a â€Å"license to kill† and has negativeRead MoreThe Stand Your Ground Law1686 Words   |  7 PagesThe Stand your Ground Law has recently been debated to be a just or unjust law of retaliation. The stand your ground law permits individuals to use deadly weapons when they feel threatened or can be harmed. That means if one feels that they are in fear of losing their life they have every right to defend themselves by any means necessary. This law does not state that if someone is not in the way of facing physical harm or losing their life that they have a right to kill someone else. Though eachRead MoreThe Stand Your Ground Laws881 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: The Stand Your Ground laws are placed into effect as a measure to protect the honest American citizens in cases of self-defense. They allow citizens to defend themselves using deadly means without an attempt to retreat from the situation. The laws remove the â€Å"duty to retreat† when a person is attacked in public. In turn, they allow the citizen to meet their attacker, using force against force. In Florida, victims can declare immunity from trial under Stand Your Ground—however they haveRead MoreStand Your Ground Laws Essay1590 Words   |  7 Pagesthe â€Å"Stand Your Ground Law†? Well many states such as: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Georgia, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, and West Virginia have stand your ground laws which state that individuals do not have to retreat before using force in a self - defense situation or many states have laws that are remarkably similar to stand your groundRead MoreWhat are Stand Your Ground Laws?1501 Words   |  6 Pages States are passing Stand Your Ground laws, which are similar to the Castle Doctrine (one has the right to defend oneself in the confines of his or her home), but the Stand Your Ground laws extend the range; instead, people may defend themselves using deadly force in any area they are permitted access (Jealous, 2013; Cox, 2013; Moore, 2012). Stand Your Ground laws contain flaws wherein predators or vigilantes may twist the law to their benefit, yet the Stand Your Ground laws are meant to justifyRead MoreStand Your Ground Laws Essay example1074 Words   |  5 PagesThe Stand Your Ground Laws are becoming a hot topic in today’s news. Headlines are flooded with stories about cases around the country. These laws surround everyone from your everyday citizens to prominent sports figures and entertainers. The Stand Your Ground laws provide individuals with certain rights to protect themselves in events where they may feel threatened. It is also known as the Castle Rule, most of the United States have adopted some form of this law to protect its’ residents whoRead MoreStand Your Ground Laws Need Fixing1287 Words   |  5 PagesStand Your Ground Laws need fixing because they produce more problems than they solve. There are many gun activists who insist on keeping the Stand Your Ground Law as it is, but is it solving problems or causing more of a problem? The Stand Your Ground Law more than likely will never be abolished because of NRA being such a strong force, however its flaws crucially need fixed. Stand Your Ground Laws need fixed because they increase crime rates rather than decrease them. Also, Stand Your Ground LawsRead MoreAnalyzing the Stand Your Ground Law Essay938 Words   |  4 Pagescases that have questioned whether certain laws are more harmful to the community rather than b eneficial. In the year 2010, Americans were outraged by the case of young Trayvon Martin, whose murder was deemed justifiable by the â€Å"Stand Your Ground† law found in Florida, and many other states. This case, amongst others has caused a stir about the usefulness of the â€Å"Stand Your Ground† law and whether the law should be abolished. When deciding whether a law should be kept in place or abolished, we asRead MoreThe United States Stand Your Ground Law1193 Words   |  5 PagesThe United States’ Stand Your Ground law, states that any and all individuals have no duty to retreat from any place they have lawful right to be, and may use any level of force, including lethal, if they reasonably believe they face an imminent and immediate threat of serious bodily harm, or death. Forty-six states have adopted a type of â€Å"Castle Doctrine,† meaning that a person has no duty to retreat when their home is under attack. Twenty-two states have removed t hat duty to retreat from otherRead MoreStand Your Ground Law And Black Youth1981 Words   |  8 PagesABSTRACT Stand your Ground Law and Black Youth The controversies surrounding Stand your Ground Laws have recently captured the nation’s attention. From the infamous Trayvon Martin case, in Florida alone, 26 children have been killed in Stand Your Ground cases. Since 2005, eighteen states have passed laws extending the right to self-defense with no duty to retreat to any place a person has a legal right to be. Despite the implications that these laws may have for public safety, there has been little

Created Image and Written Reflection

Question: Using an original image that you have created, reflect on the relationship between person, occupation and environment? Answer: The image that has been provided at the appendix may be named as Environment: Start Today Save Tomorrow. The image reflects on the need to save our environment with a very small step of keeping our surrounding clean and healthy. The image is an important one as it concerns about our mother earth. With joint effort of every human being of the globe, our environment can be saved from major destructions. The great act may start with a very basic and initial step of keeping our surrounding clean. Explain the philosophy, theories and value base of occupation. The image that has been created depicts about the occupation of land mowing. In the image, there is a man who is engaged in the activity of land mowing. Land mowing refers to the activities that deal with the cleaning and maintaining of the land, particularly the grassy areas in the residential garden of any other places. Land mowing involves trimming of grass lands and also cleaning those to keep away dirt and unhealthy factors. The philosophy behind the creation of the image is environmental cleanliness. As environment health is the most concerning issue in present times, so the philosophy of environmental cleanliness is the ruling philosophy here. The theory that may be mentioned here is that of environmental ethics. It is mostly concerned with human beings and their ethical relationship with the natural environment (Occupational Therapy Research Agenda, 2011). It has become increasingly important to be concerned about environmental health as such environmental aspects have been i mpacting upon our environment in numerous ways. The image depicts that the individual is concerned about his surrounding environment and emphasizes on maintaining cleanliness of the area. This ethical consideration persuades him to clean dirt from the grassy regions and maintain healthy environment. The value base of the occupation is that the occupation is based on the environmental ethics and it is a much appreciated occupation as it aims at maintaining healthy environment by means of regular cleaning and mowing. Demonstrate an understanding of the relationship between the person, occupation and environment. With reference to the created image of an individual who is engaged in the activity of land mowing with the help of a land mower, we find a deeper interrelationship amidst the three factors: the individual, the occupation and the environment. To demonstrate the relationship among the three identities, it is important to highlight on the concept first. The idea of environmental ethics is much emphasized (Li, 2012). This concept of environmental ethics depicts the sense of responsibility of an individual towards the environment. As referred to in the image, the relationship as demonstrated here is that by the means of the occupation of land mowing, the person is dedicated to the environmental health and safety. He has been undertaking the activity of trimming and cleaning the grassy field, probably of his garden. This is surely the first step to environmental cleanliness and ethical consideration. The interrelationship among the three factors can be represented in the following diagram . Source: (Occupational Therapy Research Agenda, 2011) The relationship can be better understood by reflecting on each of the three components: Person The individual as depicted in the image is a unique being and takes up his role and cannot be separated from contextual differences. He brings in a set of specific skills, attributes, experiences, and knowledge (Jonsson, 1994). The focus is upon the individual behavior of the person like his interest, and cultural relevance of his occupation. The assumption taken here is that the person is intrinsically motivated to serve the environment. Environment It is the context where occupational performance takes place, and it is categorized into socioeconomic, physical, cultural, and institutional. In the image, the environment refers to the household, neighborhood or the community where he had undertaken his job of land mowing. Occupation As referred to in the image, the occupation the person is engaged in is related to satisfaction of ones intrinsic needs for life satisfaction, self-maintenance or expression. In the depicted image, it is identified that the person is more engaged into the occupation of land mowing with the concern of self-satisfaction of incorporating environmental well-being. The fact that he is cleaning the grassy field gives an idea that he is increasingly concerned with environmental health, safety, and personal hygiene. Use literature and virtual environments to enhance learning development and experience. Occupational therapy emphasizes upon complex dynamic link amidst people, respective occupation, and that of environment. So, therapists should clearly communicate their practices as well as in what manner these practices impact outcomes. The learning development as well as experiences can be enhanced by setting up virtual environments. Occupational performance or optimal function results from a perfect fit amidst the three components. Various avenues exist from which occupational therapists may focus or target, from occupation, person, or environment perspective for eliciting change(Bair, 1999). Learning and experience may be enhanced once an individual is placed at an environment and made to exhibit performances with respect to the environmental needs. When an individual takes up tasks or occupation that satisfies his personal needs and desires, it creates a bonding between the individual, occupation and the environment. As depicted in the image, the person may enhance his learning and experience by imagining all the good work he is doing for his environment. It is very important for all of us to realize the growing need to be concerned about our environment and act accordingly (The Scope of Occupational Therapy Services for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders across the Lifespan, 2005). Wherever possible we must feel the urge to keep our surrounding environment free from all unhealthy factors and adopt tasks such as cleaning the land, land mowing, removing unwanted substances from the surrounding, etc. This not only enables us to keep our environment healthy and safe, but also provides us with enormous mental satisfaction to be well-concerned about the environment. Write clearly and effectively citing sources of information appropriately. References Bair, J. (1999). Clarifying the Scope of Occupational Therapy.PS, 50(3), pp.419-420. Jonsson, H. (1994). The Retirement Process in an Occupational Perspective:.Physical Occupational Therapy in Geriatrics, 11(4), pp.15-34. Li, K. (2012). Examining contemporary motor control theories from the perspective of degrees of freedom.Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 60(2), pp.138-143. Occupational Therapy Research Agenda. (2011).American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(6_Supplement), pp.S4-S7. The Scope of Occupational Therapy Services for Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorders Across the Lifespan. (2005).American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 59(6), pp.680-683. The Scope of Occupational Therapy Services for Individuals With an Autism Spectrum Disorder Across the Life Course. (2010).American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 64(6_Supplement), pp.S125-S136. Appendix: Image Environment: Start Today Save Tomorrow

The Outline of the Gempei War an Example of the Topic History Essays by

The Outline of the Gempei War by Expert Dr Olivia | 26 Dec 2016 Introduction Essay Need essay sample on "The Outline of the Gempei War" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This was a civil war between two clans namely the Taira and the Minamoto which was started in the year 1180 after emperor Takakura decided his two year old son Antoku instead of the legitimate prince Mochihito. Due to this Mochihito declared war unto the Taira and he was joined the Minamoto clan led by Yorimasa. It brought to an end the leadership of the Taira clan through a one Minamoto no Yorimasa when he mutinied against Taira no Kiyomori thus ending the heian era and bringing in military rule or the Kamakura Bakufu. Taira responded quickly and this led to the death of Mochihito within months and Yorimasa was terribly defeated, but his three sons namely Yoritomo, Noriyori, and Yoshitsune were spared death but banished to Uzi instead. This was a big mistake Taira had made since it is Yorimasas eldest son who was to defeat Taira many years to come. College Students Usually Tell EssayLab writers: I'm don't want to write my essay. Because I don't have the time Essay writer professionals propose: Custom Essays - Easy And Quickly With Essaylab.Com The Rise of Yoritomo It was in the eighth month of the year 1180 when Yoritomo declared war against the Taira clan and declared himself the lordship of the province east of Japan. He also declared that he would be issuing land grants to all his followers after getting it from his enemies. His declaration was a clear challenge to the courts nobility and this brought the first non-centralized political power in Japans history. Despite the fact that Yoritomo had started the war with a lot of enthusiasm, in 1181 to1182 there was no war since he had no army to fight. The Death of Kiyomori The Taira were dealt a big blow by the death of the old Kiyomori in February 1811 and the country was plunged into uncertainty and lawlessness. Looting became common between warring clans as they used this as an excuse to attack one another and grab land from peasants. Yoritomo was ready to enter in real blown war in 1813 with the help of his cousin Minamoto Yoshinaka as he triumphed against Taira in Kurikawa and again in Tokyo when Taira was been led by Taira Munemori, a son to Kiyomori. Yoritomo, with the help of his brothers was able to overthrow Taira in Shikoku and his northern stronghold of Kyushu. The entire remnants of the Taira leadership were cleared in the year 1185 on the 24th day of April at the peninsula of Dannoura. There had been other wars in Japan before but the Gempei war was very significant. The triumph of Yoritomo After Yoritomo realized that he couldnt defeat the Taira clan alone, he formed an alliance with other clans in order to form an army strong enough to challenge Taira. After they defeated Taira they abolished aristocratic rule and instead formed new offices and nominated warriors who were loyal to them during the war. This went a long way in limiting the powers of the courts although the system was not stronger as compared to the alliances. The military aristocrats and the noble didnt immediately feel the lasting implications which were brought about by the governmental change. The Minamoto rule did not try in any way to eliminate the courts altogether but he and his close allies very generous to various noble entities who had prestige in cultural matters. After the War Yoritomo made an agreement with Go-Shirakawa towards the end of 1185 which gave him the control of a new system of warrior like police. He gave his allies many of these offices who used them for their own selfish needs. Yoritomo had brought up decentralization of power by having his office at Kamakuri since previously all the power was from Tokyo. Although the police otherwise known as jito and shugo was made up mostly by his allies he still needed their support to rule. Although the police had powers Yoritomo respected the nobility of the courts but most of the powers of the court had been transferred to the warrior government. Conclusion It was the high handedness of the Taira clan which led to the start of this war; and although it took many years for the Minamoto clan to win it was good for them. I think that it was the perseverance of the Minamotos that led to their triumph. One would loose but there was always another one ready to continue. There was a time when Yoritomo was on the verge of giving up but he held on to the war and he finally won although the death of Kiyomori played a significant role in the war. Bibliography Hall John Whitney, Government and Local Power in Japan, 500 to 1700: A Study Based on Bizen Province, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1966 Schomp Virginia, Japan in the Days of the Samurai, NY, Marshall Cavendish Publishers, 1998 Seal F.W., Gempei War, retrieved on 19th, November, 2008, available at www.samurai-archives.com/Gempeiwar.html Turnbull Stephen R., The Samurai: A Military History, London, Routledge Publishers, 1996 Yamamura Kozo, Hall John Whitney, Jansen Marius B. The Cambridge History of Japan: Medieval Japan, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1990